how the stock market crashed Essay -- essays research papers

Numerous elements assumed a job in achieving the downturn; in any case, the primary cause for the Great Depression was the blend of the extraordinarily inconsistent appropriation of riches, banking issue, mechanical influence houses and horticultural misery which at last lead to the scandalous Stock Market Crash of 1929. The â€Å"roaring twenties† was a time when our nation succeeded extraordinarily. The fast increment in industrialization was powering development in the economy, and innovation upgrades had the main financial specialists living that the uprise would proceed. During this blast period, compensation expanded alongside buyer spending and stock costs started to ascend too. Billions of dollars were put resources into the securities exchange as individuals started theory on the rising stock costs and purchasing on margin.â â â â â â â â â â      On Thursday, October 24, 1929, the base started to drop out. Costs dropped consistently as an ever increasing number of financial specialists attempted to sell their property. Before the day's over, the New York Stock Exchange had lost four billion dollars, and it took the trade representatives until five o’clock toward the beginning of the day the following day to clear all the exchanges (Hicks 9) Following Monday the acknowledgment of what had happened started to soak in, and a out and out frenzy set in. A large number of financial specialists - a considerable lot of them conventional working individuals, not genuine â€Å"players - were monetarily demolished. before the year's over stock qualities had dropped by fifteen billion dollars (McElvaine 45).      Many of the banks which had hypothesized vigorously with their stores were cleaned out by the falling costs, and these bank disappointments started run on the financial framework. Each bombed bank, plant, business, and financial specialist added to the descending winding that would drag the world into the Great Depression (Hicks 22).      During the â€Å"roaring twenties† which is usually known as the Jazz Age, their was a conspicuous demeanor that was for living for the occasion. â€Å"Americans in the Roaring Twenties turned internal, away structure universal issues and social concerns and toward more noteworthy independence. The accentuation was on getting rich and appreciating new crazes, new creations and new thoughts. (Hiebert 73). The conventional estimations of rustic America were being tested by the scandalous Jazz Age, what represented what is stun... ...et into a theoretical pyramid game, in which a large portion of the cash put resources into the market wasn’t really there.â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â      The vehicle industry was the power behind numerous other blasting enterprises during this time. In 1928, their were more than 21 million vehicles out and about that means one vehicle for each six Americans (Hicks 114). Steel, nickel, lead and other metal enterprises flourished with 15% of its items setting off to the vehicle business ( Hicks 114). Elastic, oil, material and cowhide organizations were affected enormously by the vehicle business as well. The car business affected development too. the vehicle had been fundamental to the urbanization of the nation , in light of the fact that such huge numbers of different ventures depended upon it. With this quick urbanization came the need to construct a lot more manufacturing plants, homes, workplaces and stores. From 1919 to 1928 the development business developed from an insignificant 2.5 billion dollars to 5billion dollars (Hicks 115).      The Radio industry likewise flourished during

Shopping Diaries Brand New Flat Screen 47

Before Shopping My mom and I have been playing with getting a fresh out of the plastic new level screen 47 inch TV for longer than a year at this point. After much discussing, thought, and web looking, we at long last concluded that the time had come to go out on the town to shop and make the purchase.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Shopping Diaries: Brand New Flat Screen 47-inch TV explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since this resembled purchasing another toy for a youngster, you can simply envision the energy and enthusiasm that the two of us felt as I drove us to the shopping center where all the apparatus stores were found. Before we truly locked in to shopping, I felt a hint of worry. Is it true that we were truly prepared to make this buy? Wasn’t this only a spur of the moment purchase? Perhaps we should mull over it and return one more day? During when I was doing my web inquire about on the item, I had gone to the acknowledgm ent that the measure of cash expected to buy the TV would likely compensation for a semester of school for me. That, yet TV innovation progressed and came out with fresher, progressively better models than the past level screen TV discharges on a multi month premise. Making the thing degrade for all intents and purposes the moment we thudded down our installment for it. Some way or another I figured out how to persuade myself in any case and we walked on looking for the ideal level screen TV. Realizing that my mom was progressing in age and required a bigger screen TV so as to see the pictures on the screen, and that we previously had an advanced diversion theater framework set up at home, sans the right TV set, were what most likely helped me get over my underlying misgivings about purchasing the level screen as of right now. It may not be a need for me, since I invest the greater part of my energy at school, contemplating, or at work, yet my mother, who is consistently at home, ne eds it for her very own happiness. So why should I keep her from getting what she will appreciate the most? I can go through the set when I have some available time at any rate. In the wake of Shopping Okay, so here we are, sitting in the food court and getting a charge out of an in the wake of shopping nibble. We have at last caused the buy and both to feel very happy with our decision of a LG Scarlet 47 inch level screen. We had really gotten lucky at the machine store since they had both a Samsung level screen TV and a LG level screen TV in the showcase territory. These were the specific 2 brands that we were thinking about to purchase and it was awesome that we got the opportunity to analyze their visual yield and different specs one next to the other. It settled on shopping and dynamic much simpler. On account of the web examine that I did already, I had the option to ask the sales rep the best possible inquiries about the things and hear his point of view on the things, taking everything into account. Since we were looking for feelings, he even went to the degree of approaching his colleagues for their assessments on the 2 things, and later on, his head supervisor additionally said something with his opinion.Advertising Looking for exposition on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The more feelings the better I generally state. We at last chose the LG level screen since it made them thing that the Samsung level screen didn't have, a screen defender that would shield the pixels and bulbs from â€Å"death† if the screen was incidentally hit by a sharp or gruff article at full power. The Samsung variant would have dead pixels immediately. Since I had my mom with me, and the buy was truly being made for her, I felt that she was the best shopping partner that I could have carried with me. She helped me remain concentrated on what thing we truly needed to get when my eyes w ould wander to the next item shows, and helped me to remember the spending that we needed to adhere to. We made some charming memories shopping together and partook presently together in light of the fact that we both knew precisely what was required and needed at that point and had just examined it before hand. This paper on Shopping Diaries: Brand New Flat Screen 47-inch TV was composed and put together by client Javier L. to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

The Telecommunication Sector Digi Economics Essay

The Telecommunication Sector Digi Economics Essay The market association is standing out in which a market is arranged, gotten from chiefly on the amount of firms in the business. The four fundamental market association structures are flawless rivalry, restraining infrastructure, monopolistic rivalry, and oligopoly. The most significant difference among every one is the measure of firms on the give zone of a market. Similarly immaculate rivalry and monopolistic rivalry contain a lot of relatively little firms promoting creation. Oligopoly has a limited quantity of nearly extraordinary firm with though, restraining infrastructure has a solitary firm. (Financial Glossary) At one side of the scale we position flawlessly serious firms, will be firms that have no power over the cost of products they produce as appeared in figure 1.2(refer to informative supplement). A consummately serious firm needs to take any cost for its products the market offers, it is a value takers. Another finish of the size of market structure is the syndications. A restraining infrastructure is a solitary firm that delivers the entire gracefully of a specific decent and gives the position to put advertise costs before simply react to them. All organizations with such control are value setters. Meanwhile the limits of imposing business model (no opposition) and impeccable rivalry lies in various type of flawed rivalry, including duopoly, just two firms gracefully a specific item, oligopoly, a couple of colossal firms flexibly the most or whole of a specific item lastly the monopolistic rivalry, various firms flexibly adequately a similar item, yet every one appreciates significa nt brand steadfastness. (Schiller, 2009) In the media transmission division DiGi is a top versatile correspondences organization given that a comprehensive decision of sensible, reasonable and easy to utilize remote administrations to make things a lot simpler and build up the lives of its buyers. They fabricate an incentive for their clients through choosing the most appropriate basic edge innovation with the goal that they benefit from merchandise and ventures that give them choice, ease and oversee. (Jobstreet.com) DiGis money related execution in 2009, despite the fact that a persevering situation, Group benefits ascend by 2% to RM4.9 billion and our endorser base developed by 8% contrasted with the prior year. The little turn down in EBITDA edge to 43.3% for it was a result of improved exchange and system working expenses just as transportable web development costs and propelled stipend for far fetched obligations because of the economy. Their operational income of RM1.4 billion accomplished in 2009 was over the RM1.2 billion we guided for the year. Entirely through 2009, they constantly put resources into their system. Complete capex for the year was RM718 million. Of this, RM300 million-RM400 million was put resources into expanding their versatile web impression and the equalization was centered around capacity and worth upgrades of their 2G arrange, just as administration improvement. In 2009, they were granted the Gold Award for Best In-house Customer call focus by the Contact Center Ass ociation of Malaysia (CCAM). (DiGi Annual Report, 2009) In 2010, they continuous on an endeavor to refresh our interchanges to build up the estimation of administration and drive rate viability. They put RM720 million in capital costs, of where a critical part is distributed for expanding their portable broadband and versatile web impression. They likewise improved the capacity and estimation of their 2G system to give our rising measure of purchasers. DiGi is benchmarked close to top assistance business association considered through the Forrester Index to ensure their consistent improvement in customer ability. They dispatch an amount of imaginative advancement that set them inaccessible in the serious voice advertise in 2010. In the Prepaid part, they were satisfied that our DiGi Easy Prepaid suggestion increased solid footing. With everything taken into account, our prepaid customer bolster rise 13.0% year on year to 7.3 million while all out salary more prominent than before by 5.5% in the comparative stage. (DiGi Annual Report, 2010) There are not many qualities of oligopoly in the media transmission segment. There are three boundaries to section are economies of scale, responsibility for key information, and government-forced obstructions. The most significant obstruction to section is economies of scale. The more noteworthy the market of scale, the less the amount of firms that will be in the business. On the off chance that creation of a decent requires a specific info, at that point control of that information can be a hindrance to passage. Firms in some cases endeavor to have the administration intrigue hindrances to section. The administration likewise intrigues boundaries to entering a few organizations by ordering duty and portions on abroad rivalry. (R. Glenn Hubbard, 2008) Non-Audited fiscal report for the second quarter of 2011, entire net working benefits improved with 9.95%, since MYR 1,335,096 thousands to MYR 1,467,998 thousands. Working impact declined from MYR 385,717 thousands to MYR 348,092 thousands which revenue75% transform. Results of the period diminished - 15.12% getting MYR 236,318 thousands toward the finish of the period lined up with MYR 278,408 thousands a year ago. Profit for value (Net salary/Total value) went from 20.08% to 18.97%, the Return On Asset (Net pay/Total Asset) went as of 5.71% to 4.79% and the Net Profit Margin (Net Income/Net Sales) went from 20.85% to 16.10% when assess to a similar time of a year ago. The Debt to Equity Ratio (Total Liabilities/Equity) was 295.83% contrasted with 251.90% of a year ago. At last, the Current Ratio (Current Assets/Current Liabilities) went from 0.57 to 0.50 when assess to the earlier year. (EMIS) Because of encompassed sensibility and different utilization, clients think that its difficult to make no holds barred money saving advantages examinations and in this way construct the items give off an impression of being somewhat non-homogenous a not totally substitutable for each other. These organizations are likewise restricting and separating completely through interest improvement (moving the interest bend) by sorting out SMS challenges, supporting shows like Malaysian Idol which bolster SMS casting a ballot, and so on where the SMS charges are estimated a lot of cutting edge than regular SMS charges so as to drive higher non-voice income and profitability as outlined in figure by Maxis, Celcom and DiGis 2010 declarations underneath. (http://www.slideshare.net/amiwaleed99/maxis-economonics-task) Undertaking TWO A monetary cycle is otherwise called an exchange cycle or a business cycle which alludes to the standard vacillations in a market as an aggregate. As Keynes portray, a financial stage is gathered of pattern of astounding arrangement with expanding costs and high business rates, trailed by times of horrendous exchange with lessening costs and high joblessness extent. (Vengedasalam, 2007) Business cycle is broken ascents and decreases in phase of exchange and industry. A downturn is a phase of decrease in entire creation, benefits and work. This downturn, which keeps going a half year or further, is set apart by the notable decrease of creation action in various parts of the economy. A downturn is as a rule followed by a recuperation and advancement, a period where genuine GDP, salary, and work develop as appeared in figure 1.1(refer to informative supplement). (Campbell R., 2010) At the point when we talk about expanding or contracting, we imagine changes in the target proportion of merchandise and enterprises created. Be that as it may, the target amount of creation is practically unfeasible to quantify. So we measure the volume of creation by its market cost, not by its physical volume. Since costs contrast starting with one year then onto the next, GDP measuring sticks must be balanced planned for swelling. Expect that starting with one year then onto the next all costs multiplied. So unadjusted evaluate of ostensible GDP would give us a bogus investigation, we may think creation was speeding forward when in established truth it was situated still. (Schiller, 2009) In viewpoint toward the Malaysian economy, these are the effect of the business cycle for as far back as three years 2009, 2010, 2011 and the outcomes looked by the legislature. In the year 2009, Bank Negara Malaysia has kept up a protection advance to financial approach. Beforehand in 2008, cost increments was climbing a direct result of the snappy and impressive raise in arrangements and force costs. The OPR, however, was left unaffected. The estimation of the Bank was that the food and vitality cost increments were immensely gracefully decided. Expanding loan fees underneath these conditions would have a fractional crash in containing swelling. This was the significant thought inside the appraisal to keep up financing costs despite the fact that attestations that the Bank ought to have strictest fiscal arrangement. Though family unit request conditions be genuinely stable, the thorough die down in sends out, and the discouraged financial perspective for many of Malaysias principle exchange partners foreordained that significant system keep up would be required to maintain a strategic distance from the economy from inflowing a profound and broadened downturn. With swelling decelerating, Bank Negara Malaysia frontloaded the loan cost slices to diminish the market from a quick declining universal economy. Overnight Policy Rate (OPR) its concentrated by the Bank by an aggregate of 150 premise focuses starting from November 2008 to February 2009 to 2% as appeared in graph 1.1(refer to reference section). During a situation position, financing cost deduct with themselves are not palatable. Some relating strategies were likewise acquired to accomplish specific parts of the budgetary framework. In this manner, just as diminishing paces of premium, the Bank other than presented a measure of enduring an onslaught methodology toward reach to financing, temporary extension of security net, insurance the expense of thriving and genuine benefits of contributors and reducing incredibly exposed borrowers beginning the total impact of the catastrophe. The decrease in pace of obtaining notwithstanding methods embraced to ensure undisrupted credit streams to the

Armitages and Keeble-Allens Undertaking a structured Literature Review Essay

Armitages and Keeble-Allens Undertaking an organized Literature Review or Structuring a Literature Review, Tales from the Field Article Critique - Essay Example The examination led by the two specialists depends on various trustworthy optional hotspots for the writing audit. The essential information then again was accumulated from the field with an example of four ace understudies. The approach applied by the scientists is dependable in that it complies with built up techniques for examine. Specifically, the specialists depended on unstructured meetings to accumulate essential information from the example during their administrative meetings. Investigate of the Evidence Used During research, it is regularly so as to utilize a now and again, particularly if the populace under investigation is amazingly high or when related expenses of leading the examination are very high (Patton 2002). While the specialists utilized a little example in leading their investigation, it is certain that the proof utilized was sufficient and precise. The information from the unstructured meetings with ace understudies was satisfactory and is illustrative of what different understudies experience while leading their investigations at the undergrad and ace levels. The investigation additionally â€provides proof dependent on 18 optional sources that are later (from 1995 to-date), solid and wrote by definitive sources.

Blindness Is Defined - Free Essay Example

Blindness is defined as the lack of perception, awareness, and ignorance one might endure during a time of uncertainty. The novel Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison, illustrates the narrators journey in discovering his own identity in society as an African American male. His invisibility is manifested by the many cultures in the community that are blind to the ability of seeing real nature and beauty within a human being. The narrator is also blinded by the notions that society has instilled into him on how one should present themselves. He encounters characters throughout his journey blinding him or removing the veil from his eyes that the people have bestowed upon him. In the end, he realizes that other peoples limitations of vision restrict his ability to act. As a whole, the narrator and society are conjointly blinded by Americas false perception of social class. One of the characters the narrator comes across that blinds him is Dr. Bledsoe. Bledsoe is the president of the college he attended and became his mentor in the beginning of the novel. The narrator was intrigued about Bledsoes notions and ideas as he had the same beliefs as his grandfather. They both believed that one should agree and follow what white people say because they are probably right and to not cause any problems. Bledsoe believes the less African Americans confront the issues, the more power will be given to their community. The only ones I even pretend to please are big white folks, and even those I control more than they control me. This is a power set-up, son, and Im at the controls. You think about that. When you buck against me, youre bucking against power, rich white folks power, the nations powerwhich means government power! ( Ellison 97). His ignorance guided him to believe that following what the white man says will lead to success because they are always right. Essentially, this is how Bledsoe became president of the school, due to agreeing with white men. He gives that advice to the narrator, but it didnt serve him any justice. This lead to Bledsoe becoming a key contributor to the narrators blindness of his identity. By instilling the mindset to agree with people in order to climb higher on the socio economic status creates the concept of blindness of the narrators own aspirations in life. Bledsoe blinded the narrators ability to create new inventions and ideas to help him stand out and really make a change in the community. He also blinded the narrators views on the African American culture and created animosity towards his own kind. This is one factor the narrator is blind to society and his own ideas. Another key patron that blinded the narrator is Brother Jack, who directed the brotherhood. He discovers the narrator after he gave a speech to a group of angry people and was impressed with his speaking ability. Jack offers him housing and food in return of joining the brotherhood. Little did the narrator know he was being used to display the fame of the brotherhood that would be soon used to flourish their ideology. Brother Jack believes that African Americans need to be told what to do and think by the white people. His literal blindness also serves as a symbol due to his flawed vision of the African American community. This is also ironic that the narrator follows a person who is literally and figuratively blind, which influences the narrator to also be blind, perpetuating negative perceptions of African Americans. Brother Jacks literal blindness symbolizes his ignorant conception of African Americans. He stripped the narrators identity by replacing his name, ideas, and his life back home. That is your new name, Brother Jack said. Start thinking of yourself by that name from this moment. Get it down so that even if you are called in the middle of the night you will respond. Very soon you shall be known by it all over the country. You are to answer to no other, understand?(Ellison 133). Without warning, he was given a task to be someone else, yet he never truly found himself while living his normal life. This created the narrator to become blind to the new notions of how brother Jack expected him to be. Lastly, the narrator contributed to his own blindness, by not staying true to his own beliefs and letting people dictate his own future. In the beginning of the novel, the narrator was blinded to the customs African Americans had and didnt take part in any traditions. He let society influence his behavior to not be proud of his culture. He was set up to be blind during his early stages of life from the beliefs and notions of his grandfather. Being blind at a young age made the narrator be comfortable with following other peoples ideology, making him an easy target for people with influence. And my problem was that I always tried to go in everyones way but my own. I have also been called one thing and then another while no one really wished to hear what I called myself(Ellison 253). The narrator made a choice to listen to society and ultimately blinded himself by following what people told him. His blindness lead to him obtaining a weak mentality and created an opening for people to take control of his mind. I was looking for myself and asking everyone except myself questions which I, and only I, could answer. It took me a long time and much painful boomeranging of my expectations to achieve a realization everyone else appears to have been born with: That I am nobody but myself (Ellison 303). He went through an ongoing cycle of people telling him what he can and cannot do. By listening to others, the narrator continues to be oppressed by societys notions about African Americans. In conclusion, blindness is the lack of awareness to ones state of mind. Throughout the novel the narrator faces many challenges within himself and the community that dictate his role in society. Essentially, he lives his life for the people more than himself. His lack of knowledge as a kid resulted in a life of confusion of his own identity. He comes across ignorant characters that lead him into a life of uncertainty about who he truly is.. All together, the narrator and the community are both blinded by their own false awareness of societys system.

Security, Risk Management and Control in Electronic Commerce - 275 Words

Security, Risk Management and Control in Electronic Commerce (Case Study Sample) Content: Security, Risk Management, and Control in Electronic CommercePart A: Short Answer- this part consists of 4 questions. Each question is worth 5 marks. You must attempt all 4 questions for a total of 20 marks. 1. (5 points) Risk StrategiesAnalyze each of the following situations in terms of risk exposures. Identify and explain the risk management approaches that would be the most appropriate (cost effective) for each situation.SituationSelected approach and justification of the choiceA space shuttle, when entering earths atmosphere caught fire. The black box, which logs all states of the shuttle, flew off and presumably landed somewhere on earth.At a university, the new student course registration system ran into implementation delays by two weeks. It was rolled out on the first day of registration for the next semester. Until noon that day, the system was down. Those students with first priority could not register on time.Microsoft informed company X that bas ed on its calculation, it estimates company X should have more software licenses that Microsoft customer record shows.A subcontractor who worked in the company IS department had access to sensitive files. On his last day, he emailed the companys customer to himself. 2. (5 points) Chinese wall policySuppose you work for a company with a Chinese wall security policy with clients in the following conflict classes:à ¯Ã‚ ¾{Cadbury, Nestle}à ¯Ã‚ ¾{Ford, Chrysler, GM}à ¯Ã‚ ¾{Citicorp, Credit Lyonnais, Deutsche Bank}à ¯Ã‚ ¾{Microsoft}Assume that Ted, an analyst of the company, has previously worked on cases for Nestle and Citicorp, and he is waiting for a new assignment.Question 1 As the security officer of the company, list any of the companys clients for whom Ted will not be able to work as his next assignment. You can assume that Ted can work for a client for whom he has previously worked.Question 2Assume that two of your colleagues Ali and Sally are currently working on th e following cases:à ¯Ã‚ ¾Ali is working on Nestle, GM, and Citicorp.à ¯Ã‚ ¾Sally is working on Nestle, GM, and Credit LyonnaisYour job is to determine the read/write/execute rights of Ali and Sally on the different objects.3.(5 points) Security ModelsThe Graph below represents the security levels of the staff in large organization.The arrows represent a specific operation.By examining the graph below, can you determine which security model applies given that:a) The operation represented by the arrow is a write statement? Justify your answerb) The operation represented by the arrow is a read statement? Justify your answer
4. (5 points) Contingency PlanningYou are the Chief Information Security Officer of an E-commerce Company. You have received notification from your network security administrator of a worm attack. The message says: à ¯Ã‚ ¾The anti-malware software had detected a worm attack. The incident response team tried to stop the worm unsuccessfully.à ¯Ã‚ ¾The worm h as spread through a software vulnerability in database management system software you are running on twenty computers on the network. à ¯Ã‚ ¾When the attack is discovered, the worm has infected three database servers, including a mission critical server that is not redundant. Your network security administrator has launched the disaster recovery plan. Since he is a new hire, you want to make sure that:à ¯Ã‚ ¾He follows just the required steps of the planà ¯Ã‚ ¾he follows them in the proper orderYour task will be to identify the steps he should take and to rank them by the order in which he should take them. You will do so by:à ¯Ã‚ ¾Placing a number next to each step. à ¯Ã‚ ¾placing an X next to the actions you should not perform.Since you are mentoring this new manager, you will also justify the choice of the required steps as well as the way you ranked them.Action Should be performed (yes/no)Ranking if it should be performedShut down all infected systems.Notify manag ement.Remove all infected systems from the network.Visit the vendor's website to locate a security update.Reformat all infected systems.Replace all infected systems with spares. Part B: Problem. This part consists of 4 problems. Each problem is worth 12.5 marks. You must attempt all 4 problems for a total of 50 marks. 1. (13 points) Qualitative risk analysis Consider an e-commerce Web site that normally runs seven days a week, 24 hours a day, generating an average of $2,000 per hour in revenue from customer orders. à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Experience has shown that the site becomes unavailable due to operating systems failure three times a week. à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬at each operating system failure, the site is unavailable for 2 hours. à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬in addition, the company estimates that upon a failure, it would spend $10,000 on advertising to counteract the negative publicity from such an incident. à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬and upgrade of the operating system will eliminate the threat, but it will c ost the company 1000,000 dollars a year. The company has also a farm of backup servers for its data mining activity. à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬This farm of servers is valued at 1,500,000 dollars. à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬It is estimated that a fire will result in damages worth 85 % to this asset. à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬ Inspectors from the Fire Department have estimated that a fire can occur once every two years in the present situation. à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬You received a proposition of a fire prevention system that would reduce likelihood of a fire to once every 5 years with damages of only 15% of the asset. The fire prevention system costs 1,750,000 dollarsThe same e-commerce server faces the threats of programming mistakes. In the past, experience has shown that programmers mistakes occur about ten times a month, and that each mistake leads to the web site unavailability for half an hour. You have leanrt about a training program for your programmers that would cut by 90% the occurrence of programming errors by your program mers.This program costs $ 4000,000As the Information Security Officer, you are to conduct a risk analysis to determine whether to accept or reject the solutions offered. Base your decision on a cost/benefit analysis. 2. (13 points) Digital SignatureComparing Digital signature (DS) and Message authentication codes (MAC).Assume that Oscar is able to observe all messages sent from Bob to Alice and vice versa.Oscar has no knowledge of any keys except the public ones in case DS is used.State whether and how (i) DS and (ii) MAc protect against each type of attack. The value of Auth(x) is computed with DS or a MAC algorithm respectively. You can assume that When Alice signs a message, she uses her private key.You can also assume that when a MAC algorithm is used, the MAC algorithm uses a secret (symmetric) key known to both parties included in the communication. You can assume that:Alice and Bob use a key Kab when they use the MAC algorithm.Alice and Oscar use a key Kao when they use the M AC algorithm.ScenariosResult of the scenario if a digital signature is used for the Authentication(X)Result of the scenario if a Message Authentication Code MAC is used for the Authentication(X)Message Integrity: Alice sends a message X= Transfer 1000 dhs to Mark in the clear, and also sends Auth(X) to BOB.Oscar intercepts the message, and replaces Mark with Oscar. Can Bob detect this?Replay: Alice sends a message X= Transfer 1000 dhs to Oscar in the clear, and also sends Auth(X) to BOB. Oscar observes the message and signature and sends the message 100 times to Bob. Will Bob detect this?Sender Authentication with cheating third party:Oscar claims that he sent some message X with a valid Auth(X) to Bob but Alice claims the same. Can Bob clear the question with either case?Authentication with Bob Cheating: Bob claims that he received a message X with a valid signature Auth(X) from Alice ( e.g., Transfer 1000 dh from Alice to Bob) but Alice claims she never sent it. Can Alice clear this question in either case? 3. (13 points) FirewallsSMTP ( Simple mail transfer protocol) is the standard protocol for transferring mail between hosts over TCP. A TCP connection is set up between a user agent and a server program. The server listens on TCP port 25 for incoming connection requests. The user end of the connection in on TCP port number above 1023. Suppose you wish to build packet filter rule set allowing inbound and outbound SMTP traffic. You generate the following rule set:Rule directionSrc addrDest addrProtocol Dest portActionAInExternalInternal TCP25PermitBOut Internal ExternalTCP 1023PermitCOutInternal ExternalTCP25PermitDInExternalInternal TCP1023PermitEEitherAnyAny AnyAnyDeny1. Describe the effect of each rule2. Your host has IP address 172.16.1.1. Someone tries to send e-mail from a remote host with IP address 192.168.3.4. If successful, this generates an SMTP dialogue between the remote user and the SMTP server on your host consisting of SMPT commands and mail. Additionally, assume that a user on your host tries to send e-mail to the SMTP server on the remote system. 3. Four packets are shown in the table below. For each packet indicate which packets are permitted, which are denied, and which rules were used.Packet Direction Src addrDest AddrProtocolDest portAction 1In192.168.3.4172.16.1.1TCP25?2Out 172.16.1.1192.168.3.4TCP1234?3Out 172.16.1.1192.168.3.4TCP25?4In192.168.3.4172.16.1.1TCP1357?4. Someone from the outside world( 10.1.2.3) attemp...

How Robert Louis Stevenson Builds and Maintains a Sense of...

How Robert Louis Stevenson Builds and Maintains a Sense of Mystery and Suspense in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Robert Louis Stevenson wrote Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde in 1886 after waking from a dream in which he recalled a fine bogy tale. The book was published in the same year and its likes had never been seen before. It gave a chilling insight into the murky depths of both experimental science and the duality of the human mind. These two fields of study were both in their infancy at the time so the novel was delving into the unknown, which instantly creates mystery about the text, this was the key to the success of the book, in my opinion. In the writing of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Stevenson set a standard†¦show more content†¦He knew that with each year science was advancing further and further into the control of genetics and it is my opinion that he used his novel as a warning as to what he believed could happen should we become too fond of playing God. It only takes one step too far before you cant go back, as Jekyll discovers in the book and as scientists are beginning to discover in the twenty first century. The novel is based strongly on a theme of discovering the unknown and exploring the hidden self. Jekyll is held in high regard by his peers and begins to feel trapped by the constant expectations he is forced to conform to, he longs to walk amongst those who carouse and womanise in the name of good fun and high spirits and be excepted as one of them. Yet he still wishes to reap the rewards of a powerful social standing. In short, he craves the best of both worlds. He fulfils his needs in the concoction of a draught that changes his mental and physical state to that of Mr Edward Hyde, a foul and loathsome being with no care or love of the purity of the soul or well being of his fellow man, a being often described as Satan like. As he spends more and more time in the savage world of Hyde, Jekyll begins to lose control and finds himself changing when his mind is most vulnerable, when he is asleep. The experience of going to sleep as one person and